COVID-19 and Black Fungus infection treatment in hyderabad -

COVID-19 and Black Fungus: What Is Mucormycosis?

COVID-19 and Black Fungus hyderabad: What Is Mucormycosis?

Many people recovering from COVID-19 have recently had black fungal disease or mucormycosis. The fungus enters the sinuses and reaches the intraorbital and intracranial regions. If the progression is not controlled early, 50 to 80% of patients may die.

Both authors are plant biologists interested in fungi. When we first heard about mucormycosis last year, according to reports in Europe, the doorbell rang.

People most often have mushrooms in their kitchen when fruit is rotting or bread is moldy. Fungi evolved 400 million years ago and play an important role on earth. They helped plants move to land from their aquatic habitats and helped them extract minerals from the soil. Fungi break down organic waste and recycle nutrients trapped in leaves and wood.

Some of them have also evolved into plant pathogens: they infect plants, reproduce and disperse in other plants, leaving destruction behind. The Great Irish Famine of 1845, which killed a million people, was the work of the fungus Phytophthora infestans, which wiped out the country’s staple potato crop.

While fungal diseases are common in plants, only a very small proportion of them affect humans. One of the reasons is that animals, including humans, have developed complex immune systems.

However, when the immune system has been damaged by another disease, the otherwise harmless fungi take advantage and invade human tissue. These are called opportunistic infections. Even so, unlike their pathogenic bacterial counterparts, fungi rarely cause fatal disease. Certain fungi, such as candida yeast, can sometimes cause serious infections. Candida lives on the skin and in the mouth, throat and vagina of healthy individuals without causing problems. However, if the host’s body has been weakened by some other disease or medication, it can lead to oral thrush, diaper rash, and vaginal infections.

Mucormycosis
Black Fungal Infection

Fungal Infection Overview

Mucormycosis is also know as Black Fungal Infection Treatment cost In Hyderabad a serious but rare fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. These molds live throughout the environment. Mucormycosis mainly affects people who have health problems or take medicines that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness. It most commonly affects the sinuses or the lungs after inhaling fungal spores from the air. It can also occur on the skin after a cut, burn, or other type of skin injury.

What Causes Mucormycosis?

Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus or zygomycosis, is caused by a group of mould called mucormycetes.
These fungi live in the environment, particularly in soil and in decaying organic matter, such as leaves, compost piles, or rotten wood, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Symptoms of Mucormycosis

Symptoms of rhinocerebral (sinus and brain) mucormycosis include:

One-sided facial swelling
Headache
Nasal or sinus congestion
Black lesions on nasal bridge or upper inside of mouth that quickly become more severe
Fever

Symptoms of pulmonary (lung) mucormycosis include:

Fever
Cough
Chest pain
Shortness of breath

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People at Risk & Prevention Black Fungal Infection Treatment cost In Hyderabad

Who gets mucormycosis?

Mucormycosis is rare, but it’s more common among people who have health problems or take medicines that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness. Certain groups of people are more likely to get mucormycosis, 1–3 including people with:

Diabetes, especially with diabetic ketoacidosis
Cancer
Organ transplant
Stem cell transplant
Neutropenia pdf icon[PDF – 2 pages] (low number of white blood cells)
Long-term corticosteroid use
Injection drug use
Too much iron in the body (iron overload or hemochromatosis)
Skin injury due to surgery, burns, or wounds
Prematurity and low birthweight (for neonatal gastrointestinal mucormycosis)

Is mucormycosis contagious?

No. Mucormycosis can’t spread between people or between people and animals.

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Where Mucormycosis Comes From

Mucormycetes, the group of fungi that cause mucormycosis, are present throughout the environment, particularly in soil and in association with decaying organic matter, such as leaves, compost piles, and animal dung. 1 They are more common in soil than in air, and in summer and fall than in winter or spring. 2-4 Most people come in contact with microscopic fungal spores every day, so it’s probably impossible to completely avoid coming in contact with mucormycetes. These fungi aren’t harmful to most people. However, for people who have weakened immune systems, breathing in mucormycete spores can cause an infection in the lungs or sinuses which can spread to other parts of the body.

How is mucormycosis diagnosed?

Healthcare providers consider your medical history, symptoms, physical examinations, and laboratory tests when diagnosing mucormycosis. Healthcare providers who suspect that you have mucormycosis in your lungs or sinuses might collect a sample of fluid from your respiratory system to send to a laboratory. Your healthcare provider may perform a tissue biopsy, in which a small sample of affected tissue is analyzed in a laboratory for evidence of mucormycosis under a microscope or in a fungal culture. You may also need imaging tests such as a CT scan of your lungs, sinuses, or other parts of your body, depending on the location of the suspected infection.

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Treatment for Mucormycosis

How is mucormycosis treated?

IV bag for antifungal medicine, usually amphotericin B, posaconazole, or isavuconazole

Mucormycosis is a serious infection and needs to be treated with prescription antifungal medicine, usually amphotericin B, posaconazole, or isavuconazole. These medicines are given through a vein (amphotericin B, posaconazole, isavuconazole) or by mouth (posaconazole, isavuconazole). Other medicines, including fluconazole, voriconazole, and echinocandins, do not work against fungi that cause mucormycosis. Often, mucormycosis requires surgery to cut away the infected tissue

Types of mucormycosis

Rhinocerebral (sinus and brain) mucormycosis is an infection in the sinuses that can spread to the brain. This form of mucormycosis is most common in people with uncontrolled diabetes and in people who have had a kidney transplant. 7-8
Pulmonary (lung) mucormycosis is the most common type of mucormycosis in people with cancer and in people who have had an organ transplant or a stem cell transplant.
Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is more common among young children than adults, especially premature and low birth weight infants less than 1 month of age, who have had antibiotics, surgery, or medications that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness. 9-10
Cutaneous (skin) mucormycosis: occurs after the fungi enter the body through a break in the skin (for example, after surgery, a burn, or other type of skin trauma). This is the most common form of mucormycosis among people who do not have weakened immune systems.
Disseminated mucormycosis occurs when the infection spreads through the bloodstream to affect another part of the body. The infection most commonly affects the brain, but also can affect other organs such as the spleen, heart, and skin.

How can fungal infections be prevented?

Good hygiene is also critical for avoiding fungal infections.

Try to:

keep your skin clean and dry, particularly the folds of your skin
wash your hands often, especially after touching animals or other people
avoid using other people’s towels and other personal care products
wear shoes in locker rooms, community showers, and swimming pools
wipe gym equipment before and after using it

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